How Do Different Types of Social Support Work

How Do Different Types of Social Support Work Stress Management Relationship Stress Print The Different Types of Social Support By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on November 19, 2019 Social support comes in several categories; learn the best way to support a loved one, and youll both feel less stress!. More in Stress Management Relationship Stress Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress Every time you reach for the phone when you’ve had a bad day, accept help when you’re overwhelmed, or even search online to get information from someone on how to handle a stressor, you’re demonstrating that you know what research has repeatedly shown: that different types of social support can really help with stress! However, all types of social support don’t affect us the sameâ€"a long talk with an empathic friend feels different from a talk with someone who has plenty of advice to offer, and those types of social support feel different from the type of support a coach or therapist might offer. Is there a best type of social support? And how do the different types of social support affect us? Four Types of Social Support While there are  many different ways that people can support one another, much research has been done on the effects of four distinct types of social support: Emotional Support: This type of support often involves physical comfort such as hugs or pats on the back, as well as listening and empathizing. With emotional support, a friend or spouse might give you a big hug and listen to your problems, letting you know that they’ve felt the same way, too.Esteem Support: This type of social support is shown in expressions of confidence or encouragement. Someone offering esteem support might point out the strengths you’re forgetting you have, or just let you know that they believe in you. Life coaches and many therapists offer this type of support to let their clients know that they believe in them; this often leads to clients believing in themselves more.Informational Support: Those offering informational support do so in the form of advice-giving, or in gathering and sharing information that can help people know of potential next steps that may work well.Tangible Support: Tangible support includes taking on responsibilities for someone else so they can deal with a problem or in other ways taking an active stance to help someone manage a problem they’re experiencing. Someone who offers you tangible support may bring you dinner when you’re sick, help you brainstorm solutions (rather than telling you what you should do, as with informational support), or in other ways help you actively deal with the issue at hand. Which Types of Social Support Work Best? All of these types of social support ‘work’, but not with everybody, and not in the same ways. Different people have preferences for a certain type or a combination or a few types of social support. It’s important to note, however, that the wrong type of support can actually have a detrimental effect, so it helps to know what type of social support is needed in each situation. Here’s some of what the research has found: You really can have too much support! One study, which involved 103 husbands and wives who completed surveys five times over their first five years of marriage, looked at how support was provided and measured marital satisfaction. It found that too much informational support (usually in the form of unsolicited advice) can actually be worse than no support at all. (I found it reassuring, however, that you can’t give too much esteem support; no amount of esteem support is ‘too much’, as long as it’s genuine.)Too little support is more common than too much. The same study found that about two-thirds of men and at least 80% of women found themselves receiving too little support, whereas just one-third of men and women said that they were receiving more support than they wanted.Another study, which examined 235 newlyweds, found that both partners are happier if the husband gets the types of social support he needs most. For women, it was enough that the husband was just trying to offer support, even if he didn’t always offer the right kind. The important thing to remember is that there are different types of social support  and that you may need to ask for the specific type you need, especially in marriage. The idea that simply being more supportive is better for your marriage is a myth, says Erika Lawrence, associate professor of psychology in the UI College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, and lead researcher in these studies. Often husbands and wives think, If my partner really knows me and loves me, he or she will know Im upset and will know how to help me. However, thats not the best way to approach your marriage. Your partner shouldnt have to be a mind reader. Couples will be happier if they learn how to say, This is how Im feeling, and this is how you can help me. Don’t assume that you know what type of support your spouse, friends or relatives crave; it’s always best to check-in with people to see if the support you’re offering is hitting the mark. If not, it’s important to open up a discussion to see what types of social support are needed here. And be aware of what types of support feel the best for you, so you can communicate this to your loved ones as well. It’s not fair to expect people to read your mind when it comes to social supportâ€"and it’s not effective either. Just ask for what you need.

Why Ireland Is The Only Country Of The World - 925 Words

Introduction Did you know that Ireland is the only country in the world ever to have two female presidents in a row? Ireland has a history of cultures that treated women and men equally. The Celtic women had a lot more freedom than Greek and Roman women during the same time. Girls could learn to fight with weapons alongside boys. Males were mainly rulers, but occasionally a woman was a queen or military leader. I chose this culture because my paternal grandparents are both descended from Irish ancestors. I could have done Taiwan, but reading about politics in Taiwan gives me a headache. Also, Ireland is a place that I’m interested in. Ireland is a small country that was an English conquest until Ireland decided that they wanted to†¦show more content†¦Ireland has an average temperature of 50ËšF. People: As mentioned in the Introduction, many groups have settled in Ireland. Most native Irish now claim Celtic ancestry. The Celts spoke Gaelic, which is still spoken today. English is also a commonly spoken language. Religion: A majority (84.16%) of Irish are Roman Catholics. A small amount (1.07%) are Islamic, 12.06% either don’t have a religion, didn’t state a religion, or have an unmentioned religion, and 2.81% belong to the Church of Ireland. Religion has played a substantial part in Ireland’s relations with England. England tried to quell Roman Catholicism, but parents sent their children to â€Å"Hedge Schools† that taught Catholicism. Later Catholics overthrew the English. Politics: Ireland has a president and a prime minister, along with a parliament. The president is mainly a ceremonial role, similar to the jobs of the modern kings and queens of England, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Belgium, or Spain. There are about 7 main governmental parties in Ireland. A few are: the Fine Gael, the Fianna Fà ¡il, the Green Party, and the Sinn Fà ©in. Economics: Ireland has about 5 major exports: live animals, meat, software, and dairy are a few. Historically, agriculture and animal products were Ireland’s exports. Ireland mainly imports products from England, the United States, and Germany. Ireland has to import a tremendous amount of wood because Ireland lacks forests. Impact: Irish people have made a fair

Binge Drinking Is The Norm Of College Students - 1231 Words

Introduction On April 4, 2014 Sean Hannity took five minutes and fifty-five seconds to talk about spring break in Panama City Beach. Hannity’s goal was to expose to parents â€Å"just how out of control things are when they let their kids head off to spring break†. The segment began with a video taken approximately one month prior. The video demonstrated individuals dancing in an obscene sexual manner, being arrest, and transported to the hospital. All of this behavior was due to one drug called alcohol. In reality, college students don’t go insane from binge drinking one week out of a fifty-two week calendar period. Binge drinking has become the norm of college students despite your gender and race. Literature Review By the time a parent sends their teenager off to college, chances are that they have already not only had their first drink, but have also been drunk numerous times. When an individual enters college the binge drinking doesn’t decrease, but increases. A plethora of variables have an effect on how college students view binge drinking and their attitude towards how much an individual binges drink, but three that will be stressed are gender, race, and age of first alcoholic consumption. The following articles highlight the correlations between the three variables in regards to the evolution of individuals drinking habits, attitudes about binge drinking in college, how the age of first consumptions determines how severe of a binge drinker and individual will become,Show MoreRelatedIs There a Link between the Misconception that There is Binge Drinking on College Campuses and the Presence of Alcohol Related Content on Social Media1135 Words   |  5 Pagescomes to college life is t hat almost every college student parties on the weekends and participates in binge drinking. Angela K. Fournier, Erin Hall, Patricia Ricke, and Brittany Storey performed this study to identify if there is a link between this misconception and the presence of alcohol-related content on social media such as Facebook and Twitter. One of the theories that Fournier, et al. (2013, p.86) discuss in the article is the Social Norms Theory. The idea of the Social Norms Theory isRead MoreBinge Drinking in the College Culture: Identifying Causes, Consequences, Potential Treatment Approaches1775 Words   |  7 PagesBinge drinking has been synonymous with typical young adult college culture for decades. Fillmore and Jude (2011) reported that binge drinking is often defined as someone drinking four to five drinks during one episode of drinking, or consuming enough alcohol for a person to have a blood alcohol concentration of .08% or higher. In this paper, I will define college culture as an exclusive group, with differing needs and attitudes from society, provide statistics and college cultural practices thatRead MoreAlcohol And The Social Network1230 Words   |  5 Pagesand the Social Network: Online Social Networking Sites and College Students’ Perceived Drinking Norms,† Fournier, Hall, Ricke, and Storey studied the â€Å"absence or presence of alcohol content on social media† and how it â€Å"would effect the participants’ perceived drinking norms of college students†(Fournier et al., 2013, Pg. 86). Their hypothesis was that â€Å"subjects that were in the alcohol content group would estimate higher college alcohol norms than the group that did not see the Facebook page with alcoholRead MoreThe Effects Of Binge Drinking On College Students Essay1697 Words   |  7 Pagesfor society, and college students are no exception to this problem, especially when it comes to binge drinking. Binge drinking is classified at 5 or more drinks for men or 4 or more drinks for women within 2 hours. According to a study by Ikes, â€Å"more than 40% of college students have engaged in heavy episodic drinking (HED)† or binge drinking (find pg number) and â€Å"19% engage in frequent binge drinking† (Iconis 243). There are very large implications for college s tudents drinking this much alcoholRead MoreEssay on Getting Serious About Eradicating Binge Drinking988 Words   |  4 PagesEradicating Binge Drinking†, he discusses the issue of binge drinking. Binge drinking is an extensive problem on college campuses. The majority of colleges merely focus on the student, rather than what encourages students to drink. Fraternities, sororities, and athletics are huge sources of the students on campus who drink. There are many approaches colleges can take to decrease the problem, and many colleges are already getting a head start. It is also important to not ignore how often colleges indirectlyRead MoreAlcohol Use, Abuse, And Related Accidents Among College Adults1412 Words   |  6 Pagesuses among college students-What are the trends in alcohol use, abuse, and related accidents among college aged women versus men? Background National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) defines low risk drinking as less than 4 drinks in a day.1 On the other hand, binge drinking as a pattern of drinking makes blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level to 0.07h/dL. This level is typically reached after 4 drinks for women and 5 drinks for men in approximately 2 hours. Drinking level is shownRead MoreCausal Argument Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Causal Argument: Will Lowering the Drinking Age Solve the Problem of Binge Drinking among College Students? Research has supported the observation that young people in America consume alcohol regularly; this prevalence of use increases rapidly during adolescence, as well as a few years afterward (Wagenaar and Wolfson 37). This has come to be a problem among college students. It has been shown through extensive quantitative and qualitative research that those under twenty-one years of age areRead MoreKey Components Of School Strategy1031 Words   |  5 Pagesappropriate information about alcohol and other drugs, development of personal, social, and resistance skills, emphasis on normative education†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦, and culture sensitivity. (â€Å"School Strategies†)† Schools play an important role in the prevention of drinking because this is where peer pressure and trying to fit in really comes in to play. Along with school strategy there is also extracurricular activities strategy. Involvement in extracurricular activities have been shown to â€Å"better development of life Read MoreStopping Binge Drinking on College Campuses726 Words   |  3 PagesFact or Fiction â€Å"Getting Serious about Eradicating Binge Drinking,† a text written Henry Wechsler was first introduced to me in my English 102 class. In this Essay Wechsler brought to the reader’s attention that binge drinking was major problem on many college campuses. Wechsler aims to convince readers that binge drinking is a problem that needs to be stopped. Some of Wechsler’s statements made in this text were persuasive while others were opinions. Wechsler begins this essay by introducingRead MoreCause Effect of Binge Drinking Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pagesunplanned sexual activity all have in common? They are all frequent results of binge drinking by college students. On a typical Friday or Saturday night you can find the average college student out drinking and having fun. Normally partying with friends at a party, bar, or club; most of these college students are underage consuming excessive amounts of alcohol, or as its better known, â€Å"binge drinking.†The term binge drinking is defined as the consumption of five or more drinks in a row by men and four

Ethics and Ethical Dilemma Free Essays

The movie that I chose for ethical dilemma is the Disney movie called â€Å"UP†. It is a story based on an old man and how a boy’s scout boy helps the old man keep his house by floating the old man’s house with balloons. This is an adventurous movie. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics and Ethical Dilemma or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has a lot of ups and downs. The ethical dilemma in this movie the man is old, his wife is dead and the city is building new buildings all around his house they want him to vacant his him go to an old folk’s home to live for the rest of his remaining life, which is the ethical thing to do. But instead the story is a bit far stretched out, but he ‘escapes’ it in an unethical unrealistic way and floats his house away with balloons. The old man risks his life; the boys scout boy, and the dog. The situation could have been worse, where the old man’s house could fall anywhere in the story making this a terrible and unrealistic idea of saving his house. Another ethical dilemma in this movie is the bird; it is obviously an endangered species. So does the original explorer guy have the right to capture the bird and show to the world? Or does the old man have the right to stop the explorer and rescue the bird? In my opinion the explorer has some rights, but the way he wants to make money out of the bird is unethical. The old man has the right to stop the explorer because the old man sees his self through the eyes of the bird and how he cannot live the life he wants to in his house. At the end not only does the old man not have to go to an old folk’s home, instead he keeps his house. Unrealistically the house sits right where the story started from. The movie showed how jam packed the city is, but the old man was able to restore his house. Once the house was where it started from, none of the city officials took any actions, but instead let the old man keep his house and the city officials built their buildings and roads around the house which could be a hazardous situation in the future. The old man once again finds happiness from boy and dog and he never has to worry about construction again. He escapes reality so to speak. No matter how I look at this movie at an ethical point, all I can say is that sometimes unrealistic stories like â€Å"UP† teach us a good moral lesson about life. How to cite Ethics and Ethical Dilemma, Papers

Laura-Ashley Case free essay sample

Laura Ashley was under financial strain, he thought the British company was worth saving. Download the PDF For easy printing you can download the PDF version of this case study. If you do not have Adobe Reader you can download a free copy. Laura Ashley fashion and home furnishings are popular all over the world. The company has come a long way since Laura and Bernard Ashley started printing fabric on their kitchen table in London in 1953. The couple’s ? 0 investment for a screen, dyes and some linen was a humble start to the company. Twenty years later in the 1970s, its overall sales had grown to ? 300,000 through their shops in the UK and licensing operations as far afield as Australia, Canada, the US and Japan. Fast facts Company: The MUI Group/ Laura Ashley Country: Malaysia Industry: Retail Distribution Website: www. lauraashley. com The company continued to flourish throughout the 1980s. We will write a custom essay sample on Laura-Ashley Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Whilst the UK market remained strong, the 1990s brought financial troubles to the company that largely arose from their operations in the United States. By 1998, the company was heading towards insolvency. That’s when the MUI Group stepped in. â€Å"MUI has a reputation for buying ailing companies and turning them around,† says Lillian Tan, Chief Executive of Laura Ashley. â€Å"It’s a diversified group with international business in retailing, food, hotels, property, travel tourism, stock-broking and insurance. Since Malaysia is part of the Commonwealth, the UK was a natural place for MUI to expand its operations. The two countries share similar education, legal, financial and regulatory systems, and there’s no language barrier. And crucially, the UK also has flexible rules and regulations that make it easy for foreign companies to operate here. † Acquisition In the late 1990s, MUI Chairman Tan Sri Dr KP Khoo was looking for an international brand to expand MUI’s retailing business which, until then, was largely confined to Malaysia. It took just one meeting with the then Chairman of Laura Ashley, John Thornton, to convince Dr Khoo that MUI was able to save the company and steer it back to profitability. So, in 1998 MUI acquired a substantial stake in Laura Ashley with Dr Khoo himself taking a significant shareholding in the company. Shortly after the acquisition, MUI recognised that the company’s operations in the United States were a major drain on its resources and began to formulate a strategy to deal with this problem. â€Å"One of the main contributing factors that brought about Laura Ashley’s financial difficulties was the fact that the company had expanded too aggressively in the US,† says Tan. â€Å"It had taken on large stores with long leases at high rents, but did not have an adequate range of products to fill up these stores. This business strategy was just not sustainable and cost the company the support of its bankers. Financial institutions simply refused to lend them any more money. † Back in the black After careful analysis of Laura Ashley’s business and strategy, MUI’s solution was to close down stores in North America that were unprofitable and to renegotiate more realistic leases with landlords of the stores they kept open. The next step was a management buyout that also involved investment by another MUI company. As a result, the US company became a master licensee of the UK company. This corporate restructuring exercise in the US, coupled with strategic decisions taken by the UK headquarters, helped Laura Ashley to make a turnaround in 2000. Unfortunately, two years later the European recession of 2002 hit the company. However, MUI took a long-term view of its investment and adopted a different business strategy for its European operations by franchising most of its European stores while retaining only the stores in France. At the same time, it continued to expand its stores in the UK. This strategy paid off and in 2003, Laura Ashley returned to profitability again. â€Å"Since then, Laura Ashley has continued to grow,† says Tan. â€Å"Between 2005 and 2007 profits almost doubled each year. As a result, the company was able to pay dividends for three successive years. Lessons learnt Today Laura Ashley is in a strong position with 450 stores around the world and is well placed for further expansion. â€Å"We are even planning to resume operating stores in the US on our own or through our franchise partners†, says Tan. â€Å"But, we are mindful of the lessons we have learned. We will ensure that the right b usiness model is applied and we will identify suitable locations in a phased programme of store opening. † Helping hands When Lillian Tan was offered the position of Chief Executive Officer of Laura Ashley in 2005, she had to move to the UK at short notice. Knowing that immigration procedures usually take time, she contacted UK Trade Investment for help. â€Å"The UK Trade Investment advisers I spoke to were very helpful and professional,† says Tan. â€Å"They intervened to speed up my visa application and directed me to relevant officers. Even after I was settled here, they continued to make follow up calls to see how I fared and whether I needed further help.

Free Essays on Laws Of Life

, and they learn to behave when they have had a spanked. When school starts they learn colors, to count to ten, and the alphabet. Then, after a while, that day comes when they learn that not everyone is trustworthy, and that there are people in the world that hurt others. For some, this is learned quicker than for others. Whether it is a friend that treats them poorly or a parent that can’t deal with his or her problems without hurting someone, the time comes in life when many lessons are learned. Morals, beliefs, values, and the laws of life, are the next thing to be accepted in life. These things are different from the things that have already been learned by everyone. These are things that not everyone agrees on completely, things that separate so many different types of people. It often separates churches, political groups, and other organizations. Many times, different people’s perception of what’s good and bad, or what’s right and wrong,is the deciding factor on friendships, relationships, and how people are classifying into groups. These â€Å"Laws of Life† that are accepted by each separate person because of different influences and personal experiences. One person may have one belief that another doesn’t simply because of a certain experience . Others may never experience a certain thing, therefore, they may not regard that part of life to be important because it hasn’t pertained to them. My parents and church were where I learned many of the laws of life. The golden rule, as well as many other lessons that children learn, is one thing that I still cherish and attempt to use daily. 2 Remembering all the thi... Free Essays on Laws Of Life Free Essays on Laws Of Life For every person, life’s lesson are learned from the day they are born all the way up until the day that they die. Small babies and toddlers learn from their parents, siblings, and whomever else that they are exposed to. They learn to crawl, say a few words, and they learn to behave when they have had a spanked. When school starts they learn colors, to count to ten, and the alphabet. Then, after a while, that day comes when they learn that not everyone is trustworthy, and that there are people in the world that hurt others. For some, this is learned quicker than for others. Whether it is a friend that treats them poorly or a parent that can’t deal with his or her problems without hurting someone, the time comes in life when many lessons are learned. Morals, beliefs, values, and the laws of life, are the next thing to be accepted in life. These things are different from the things that have already been learned by everyone. These are things that not everyone agrees on completely, things that separate so many different types of people. It often separates churches, political groups, and other organizations. Many times, different people’s perception of what’s good and bad, or what’s right and wrong,is the deciding factor on friendships, relationships, and how people are classifying into groups. These â€Å"Laws of Life† that are accepted by each separate person because of different influences and personal experiences. One person may have one belief that another doesn’t simply because of a certain experience . Others may never experience a certain thing, therefore, they may not regard that part of life to be important because it hasn’t pertained to them. My parents and church were where I learned many of the laws of life. The golden rule, as well as many other lessons that children learn, is one thing that I still cherish and attempt to use daily. 2 Remembering all the thi...

Political Geography and Ownership of the Oceans

Political Geography and Ownership of the Oceans The control and ownership of the oceans has long been a controversial topic. Since ancient empires began to sail and trade over the seas, command of coastal areas has been important to governments. However, it wasnt until the twentieth century that countries began to come together to discuss a standardization of maritime boundaries. Surprisingly, the situation still has yet to be resolved. Making Up Their Own Limits From ancient times through the 1950s, countries established the limits of their jurisdiction at sea on their own. While most countries established a distance of three nautical miles, the borders varied between three and 12 nm. These territorial waters are considered part of a countrys jurisdiction, subject to all of the laws of the land of that country. From the 1930s to the 1950s, the world began to realize the value of mineral and oil resources under the oceans. Individual countries began to expand their claims to the ocean for economic development. In 1945, U.S. President Harry Truman claimed the entire continental shelf off the coast of the U.S. (which extends almost 200 nm off the Atlantic coast). In 1952, Chile, Peru, and Ecuador claimed a zone 200 nm from their shores. Standardization The international community realized that something needed to be done to standardize these borders. The first United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS I) met in 1958 to begin discussions on these and other oceanic issues. In 1960 UNCLOS II was held and in 1973 UNCLOS III took place. Following UNCLOS III, a treaty was developed that attempted to tackle the boundary issue. It specified that all coastal countries would have a 12 nm territorial sea and a 200 nm Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Each country would control the economic exploitation and environmental quality of their EEZ. Though the treaty has yet to be ratified, most countries are adhering to its guidelines and have begun to consider themselves ruler over a 200 nm domain. Martin Glassner reports that these territorial seas and EEZs occupy approximately one-third of the world ocean, leaving just two-thirds as high-seas and international waters. What Happens When Countries Are Very Close Together? When two countries lie closer than 400 nm apart (200nm EEZ 200nm EEZ), an EEZ boundary must be drawn between the countries. Countries closer than 24 nm apart draw a median line boundary between each others territorial waters. The UNCLOS protects the right of passage and even flight through (and over) narrow waterways known as chokepoints. What About Islands? Countries like France, which continues to control many small Pacific islands, now have millions of square miles in a potentially profitable ocean area under their control. One controversy over the EEZs has been to determine what constitutes enough of an island to have its own EEZ. The UNCLOS definition is that an island must remain above the water line during high water and may not just be rocks, and must also be habitable for humans. Theres still much to be hammered out regarding the political geography of the oceans but it seems that countries are following the recommendations of the 1982 treaty, which should limit most arguments over control of the sea.